Return to:
Payment accepted by check, cash and these credit cards:

GENERAL HEALTH INFORMATION

Pests for Our Pets

Internal and external parasites can be a big annoyance for pets and their owners. With the help of the Cedarburg Veterinary Clinic, your pet can receive diagnosis, treatment and prevention for many parasites.

Heartworm Disease

Heartworm disease is caused by the parasite called Dirofilaria immitis. The adult form lives in the heart and major arteries of the lungs in dogs and other mammals, and both the adult and immature larva forms live in the same areas as the cat. An adult heartworm produces offspring, called microfilaria, which are picked up by feeding mosquitos and mature into larvae inside the mosquito. When a mosquito carrying D. immitis bites another animal, the larvae are deposited and migrate to the heart of the new host where they develop into adult worms.

Symptoms

Heartworm disease in dogs can cause difficulty breathing, coughing, vomiting, fainting episodes, exercise intolerance, weight loss, and death. Heartworm disease in cats can cause asthma-like symptoms, sudden death, or may not show any signs at all. Because these symptoms are similar to other diseases, a simple blood test is all that is needed to test for this potentially fatal disease. Always discuss signs and symptoms with your veterinarian before determining if your pet has heartworm disease.

Treatment

Dogs

Before treatment, we usually recommend completing a blood panel and urinalysis to check for organ function, and a radiograph of the chest and an EKG to check for potential heart conditions. Treatment for heartworm disease typically consists of two separate doses of a deep intra-muscular injection of immiticide that kills the adult heartworms. The injection typically can cause discomfort for around 3 days. Your pet will be hospitalized and observed for the duration of treatment. Your pet should needs to have very strict exercise restriction during this time, as well as 4 to 6 weeks following the treatment. This means no activity that will increase the heart rate (running, jumping, playing). The pet should be monitored closely for coughing, gagging, lethargy, anorexia, rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, fainting, bloody nose and fever which can all be signs of treatment complications. A secondary treatment is needed to treat your pet for young circulating heartworms at which time your pet will stay at the clinic for the day. The total cost for pre-treatment testing and treatments could exceed one thousand dollars, therefore prevention is much more cost effective and safe for your pet than treating the disease.

Cats

There is no available treatment for feline heartworm disease at this time, therefore monthly heartworm prevention advised. If a cat becomes positive for heartworms, it is recommended that monthly prevention is given in hopes that the adult heartworms will die off without complications.

Prevention

It is difficult and dangerous to treat heartworm disease when there are adult worms in the heart. It is much safer to prevent heartworm disease than it is to treat. Prevention comes in many forms including chewable tablets, soft chewable medicated treats, or topical liquids absorbed by the skin and are dosed once every month. A 6-month injectable heartworm prevention is now available. Yearly blood testing for heartworm disease is highly recommended to keep your pet healthy. Call the clinic to discuss your pet’s best options for preventing heartworm disease.

Intestinal Parasites

The most common intestinal parasites that infect dogs and cats are roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, tapeworms, coccidia and giardia. These parasites (minus tapeworms) are transmitted by your pet ingesting the eggs or cysts of the parasite which are commonly found in infected dirt or stool. These parasites will then travel through the digestive tract where they will live and thrive in the intestines. Hookworm larvae can also penetrate skin and travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, where they are coughed up, swallowed, and resume their life cycle in the intestines. Some pets can transmit certain parasites to their young in the womb or through nursing. Certain worms can sometimes be seen in the stool, but coccidia and giardia are not visible to the naked eye.

Laboratory diagnosis for these parasites is commonly done by evaluating a stool sample under the microscope after centrifugation and/or flotation. Most of these parasites are zoonotic, meaning they are transmissible from animals to humans. Be sure to practice good hygiene and wash your hands thoroughly after coming in contact with feces.

Tapeworms are flat, segmented worms that also live in the intestines. Segments sometimes break off and are seen in the stool. They often resemble rice grains or sesame seeds. Most tapeworm species do not pass directly to humans or animals from an infected stool, but rather require eating an intermediate host such as a flea, fish, rodent, or uncooked meat.

Symptoms

Depending on the parasite, symptoms can range from diarrhea, soft stool, blood or mucous in the stool, vomiting, weight loss, anemia, decreased appetite, dull hair coat, poor skin condition, pot bellied appearance, or no symptoms at all. Always discuss your pet’s symptoms with a veterinarian before determining your pet is infected with an intestinal parasite.

Treatment

Depending on the pet and the parasite, most parasites are treated with oral or topical medications.

Prevention

Since most intestinal parasites are transmitted fecal-oral, the best prevention is to keep your pet away from areas where other animals defecate. To prevent tapeworms, do not allow your pet to ingest rodents or wild animals, and keep your pet flea free. Tablets, chewable medicated treats, and topical liquids are available to help treat and control worm infestations. It is recommended to keep your pet on a form of prevention year round as intestinal parasites can infect your pet during the winter months. It is also recommended to check yearly stool samples, even if your pet is not showing signs of intestinal parasites. Speak with your pet’s veterinarian to help determine the best prevention method for your pet.

External Parasites

There are many types of external parasites that can infest our pets, the most common being fleas and ticks.

Fleas

Fleas are small brown insects that feed on blood of warm-blooded mammals and birds. A flea’s life cycle involves living on the pet and in the pet’s environment, so treating for fleas once the pet has them can be a difficult task.

Flea Life Cycle

After taking blood from a host (typically cat or dog), the adult fleas will deposit eggs on the host which normally fall off as the animal moves and scratches. After they are left in the environment, in about 2-12 days the eggs will hatch into larvae, feed off the environment, and then spin into a microscopic cocoon. This cocoon will hold the flea larvae from one week to one year. Adult fleas will then emerge from this cocoon and start the life cycle over.

Treatment and Prevention

There are many products available to help prevent and treat fleas that typically come in the form of tablets or topical liquid treatment. Year round prevention is recommended as fleas can still live on wild animals and in household settings during the winter months. As mentioned in the flea life cycle (above), the flea spends time off of your pet, therefore it is imperative to treat your pet’s environment (i.e. your home) or your pet will continue to become infested. Speak with your pet’s veterinarian to find out more information.

Ticks

Ticks are small parasites that attach onto a host (cat, dog, human, etc.) and engorge themselves with blood. They are typically found in wooded areas, tall grass, indoors living in woodwork, or anywhere that wildlife (such as deer, rodents, rabbits and birds) pass through (including mowed yards). Ticks can cause problems for their host including infection at the attachment site, anemia, and transmission of vector borne diseases. It is highly recommended that your pet is tested for these diseases yearly if he/she is exposed to areas where ticks are prevalent.

Tick Born Diseases

The most common diseases transmitted by ticks around this area include Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, and Lyme. When a pet acquires any of these diseases, there can be a variety of signs and symptoms that are discussed below, however many pets do not show any symptoms. This is another reason why a yearly blood screen should be completed.

Lyme, Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

Lyme disease (also known as Borreliosis), Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis are caused by bacteria that is transmitted by ticks. The ticks typically pick up the diseases from wild animals like white-tailed deer and mice and transmit them to domestic animals (including dogs and cats). The tick must attach to the animal in order to transmit the diseases. Ixodes Scaluparis (also known as the deer tick) is the tick that most commonly transmits Lyme disease and Anaplasmosis. Rhipicephalus (or the brown dog tick) is the tick that typically spreads Ehrlichia.

Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of these diseases can include but are not limited to rash, fever, joint swelling and pain, swollen lymph nodes, alternating limb lameness, fatal kidney disease, anorexia, bloody nose, permanent blindness, vomiting, diarrhea and death, however pets may not show any signs.

Prevention

The best way to prevent your pet from acquiring a vector born disease is to prevent a tick from attaching. Products to prevent ticks from attaching are available in sprays, topical liquids and collars. Speak with your pet’s veterinarian to determine which prevention is best for your pet. Routinely complete an inspection of your dog’s body by looking under the hair for any ticks that may be present, especially after your dog has been outside. It is also highly recommended to complete a yearly blood screen for these diseases, especially if your pet is exposed to areas where ticks are prevalent.

Demodex

Demodex are microscopic mites that are normal skin inhabitants, living in the hair follicles of healthy dogs and cats. With a healthy immune system, demodex are kept at a small number and do not cause the animal discomfort. When an animal has a decreased immune system (typically due to illness or stress), the body is unable to keep the mites from proliferating. Once the mites flourish and cause problems, the animal is considered diagnosed with demodectic mange (or demodicosis). Diagnosis is commonly completed with a physical exam, discussion with a veterinarian, and a small skin sample that is analyzed under a microscope. Additional laboratory testing may be required for secondary problems. Demodex are not transmitted from animal to animal, nor animal to human.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of demodicosis include (but are not limited to) hair loss with possible secondary skin infections that appear red and crusty. Always discuss your pet’s abnormal signs and symptoms with a veterinarian.

Treatment

Depending on your pet and the severity of the infestation, the veterinarian may choose a topical skin treatment, oral medication, medicated bath or a dip. Some pets may require additional laboratory testing and medication if other problems exist. Follow up checks should be completed and most likely include additional physical exams and skin scrapings to ensure the mites are being controlled.

Prevention

Since demodicosis occurs when the animal’s immune system is lowered, it is best to complete yearly physical exams and vaccinations to help decrease the chance of your pet becoming ill. Do not allow your pet around other animals that are ill, and try to avoid stressful situations. If your pet has already been diagnosed and treated for demodicosis, there are topical medications that can control the number of mites living on your pet. Speak with one of our veterinarians to find out more information.

Ear Mites

Ear mites, also known as Otodectes cynotis/cyanotis, are very small parasites that live on the skin surface, most commonly in the ear canals. Ear mites are transferred from animal to animal by direct contact. Their entire life cycle from egg to larva to nymph to adult occurs on the host (cat or dog). Diagnosis is normally completed by microscopic examination of an ear swab.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of an infestation of ear mites include formation of thick reddish-black wax in the ear, crusts that fill the ear canal, head shaking, ear twitching, and rubbing or scratching the affected ear(s).

Treatment

Treatment starts by thoroughly cleaning the affected ear canals. Your veterinarian will prescribe the appropriate medication to kill the mites. Treatment may take several weeks.

Prevention

Since mites are transmitted by direct contact, do not allow your pet to come in close contact with another animal that is infested with ear mites. Topical application of the appropriate product may help to treat and control ear mite infestations. Speak with one of our veterinarians for more information.

Cheyletiella

Often referred to as “walking dandruff”, cheyletiella is a mite that is highly contagious to other animals and can cause dermatitis in humans. They are transmitted by direct contact with an infected animal. Sharing objects, like combs or brushes, and bedding can also lead to infestation. Mites can live in the environment for up to 10 days. Diagnosis is made by taking samples of hair and dandruff and viewing them under a microscope. A mite or mite egg can sometimes be found on a fecal examination.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Typically animals with cheyletiella have severe dandruff. Some pets can have hair loss or a greasy coat, or have severe itching.

Treatment

Depending on the severity of the infection, topical flea and tick preventions can be used to treat minor cases. In more severe infestations, medicated baths maybe indicated. Treating the pet’s environment is also suggested as the mites can live off of the animal.

Prevention

Cheyletiella is contracted through direct exposure, so keep your pet away from animals known to have cheyletiella. Keeping your pet on a monthly flea and tick prevention will help avoid infestation. Do not share grooming items without disinfecting first.

Sarcoptes

Sarcoptes or scabies is a disease caused by a mite that burrows directly into the surface of the skin. It is transmitted by direct contact with an infected animal, and people can also be infected. Sarcoptes mites can live in the environment for a few days so items such as blankets, kennels, and brushes can lead to infestation. Diagnosis is made by taking skin scrapings and hair samples, then viewing the samples under a microscope. Occasionally mites can be found in fecal examinations.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Intense scratching, scabs and irritated/red skin are typical symptoms. The mites tend to be found on elbows, ears, and abdomen.

Treatment

Depending on the severity of the infection, topical flea and tick preventions can be used to treat minor cases. In more severe infestations, medicated baths or dips may be indicated.

Prevention

Because Sarcoptes is spread through direct contact, avoid exposure to animals that could be carriers. Using a monthly topical flea and tick prevention may help to avoid infestation. Avoid sharing materials that could transmit the mites without first disinfecting (grooming supplies, bedding, and crates).

Back to Top

 

Disease Processes

Kidney Disease

Kidney disease (also known as renal failure) is the inability of the kidneys to perform normal functions of filtering and removing waste from the bloodstream. Once chronic kidney failure occurs, it is irreversible, however it can possibly be managed. The earlier kidney failure is detected the better chance your pet has for prolonging a good quality of life.

Kidney failure in older pets is associated with the animal’s body “wearing out”, but other causes include but are not limited to anti-freeze poisoning, grape ingestion, prolonged urinary tract infections and hereditary kidney problems.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of kidney problems include excessive drinking, excessive urination, vomiting, lethargy, lack of appetite, depression and weight loss. Since these signs can also be seen with other disease processes, it is important to discuss any of your pet’s abnormalities with the veterinarian.

Treatment

Treatment for kidney problems typically include fluid therapy along with a special prescription diet, however medications for secondary problems (such as high blood pressure) may also be used.

Prevention

Pets that develop a hereditary kidney disease should not be bred. Pets that are allowed outdoors are at greater risk of coming into contact with anti-freeze, so be aware if this toxin is in your pet’s environment. In cases where pets develop kidney problems due to their age, it is not possible to prevent organ failure, however the outcome is best when recognized early. When your pet becomes a senior or if he/she is on certain chronic medication, it is recommended your veterinarian performs yearly blood screening and urine checks that will potentially help to catch kidney abnormalities earlier.

Liver Failure

Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform normal filtering functions that remove toxins from the body. Typically in older animals, liver disease occurs because the organ is “wearing out”. Other causes of liver disease include but are not limited to trauma, long lasting bacterial infections, long term medications, certain cancers, poisons, chemicals and hereditary liver disease. If detected early by yearly blood screening, liver disease can be managed to provide a good quality of life.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of liver disease can include but are not limited to jaundice (yellowing of gums and whites of the eyes and ears), vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, depression, weight loss, increased urination, and increased drinking. Since these signs can also be seen with other disease processes, it is important to discuss any of your pet’s abnormalities with the veterinarian.

Treatment

Treatment for liver disease can include fluid therapy, antibiotics, steroids, special prescription diet, and supplements such as Denosyl® or Denamarin®.

Prevention

Do not breed animals that have hereditary liver problems. If your pet is a senior or is taking certain chronic medication, a minimum of yearly blood screening is recommended to help detect abnormalities.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which an animal has a chronic elevated blood glucose (or blood sugar) due to insulin deficiency in the body. Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas that turns sugar into fuel for the body. No exact cause of diabetes has been identified, however animals that are obese, have underlying diseases, are taking certain medications, or have a genetic predisposition, are at higher risk for developing this disease. Diagnosis for diabetes mellitus can be determined by a complete exam, blood screening and/or urine testing with a veterinarian.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of diabetes mellitus include but are not limited to increased urination, increased drinking, increased appetite, weight loss, cataracts and vomiting. Always discuss any abnormalities with your pet’s veterinarian.

Treatment

Although there is no cure for diabetes, treatment to help manage the disease is available. Typically pets with diabetes mellitus are regulated on daily (or twice daily) injections of insulin, as well as a special diet. New therapies with cats have shown great promise with some cats going into diabetic remission (no longer needing insulin injections).

Prevention

Do not breed animals with inherited diabetes. It is important not to let your pet become obese for many reasons other than to help prevent diabetes, so discuss how to manage your pet’s weight with a veterinarian.

Thyroid Hormone Imbalances

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a disease in which there is excessive production of the thyroid hormones. This disease is most commonly seen in cats. The reasons the disease develops are unknown, but most are due to Detection is usually completed with a physical exam, blood screen (specifically checking a thyroid level) and speaking with one of our veterinarians.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs of hyperthyroidism can include but are not limited to weight loss despite good appetite, increased drinking, increased urination, increased heart rate and changes in grooming behavior. Always discuss any of your pet’s abnormal signs or symptoms with a veterinarian.

Treatment

Treatment for hyperthyroidism usually consists of daily medications in the form of cream absorbed by the skin, oral liquid medication, or pills. Surgical removal of the thyroid or use of radioactive iodine are also treatment options that can be discussed with one of our veterinarians. Blood work to check the thyroid level is also needed to monitor how the treatment is working.

Prevention

There is no prevention for hyperthyroidism, however early detection is key to prolonging good quality of life. It is recommended that senior pets have yearly blood screening completed. Speak with one of our veterinarians to see if your pet should be tested for thyroid problems.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a disease in which there is inadequate production of the thyroid hormones. This disease is most commonly seen in older dogs because of an immune mediated attack on the thyroid, generally associated with the “wearing out” of the dog’s body. The disease is typically diagnosed by physical exam, blood screening and discussion with your pet’s veterinarian.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Physical signs can include but are not limited to weight gain, lethargy, sleeping more often, dry coat and skin, hair loss, secondary skin infections, and seeking a source of heat. Always discuss any of your pet’s abnormalities with your veterinarian.

Treatment

Treatment for hypothyroidism usually consists of daily medications. Blood work to check the thyroid level is also needed to monitor how the treatment is affecting the thyroid.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent hypothyroidism, however early detection can be key to giving your pet a good quality of life. It is recommended that senior pets have yearly blood screening completed.

Back to Top

 

Arthritis

Arthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is inflammation of a joint. This can often lead to progressive deterioration of a joint. Arthritis can occur in any joint in the body including but not limited to: hips, knees, jaw, vertebrae (spine/back). Animals that have underlying disease processes, like hip dysplasia, are at a risk of developing arthritis. Other causes can include trauma, infection, and abnormal conformation of joints. Radiographs, or x-rays, can help evaluate the extent of arthritis.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Animals with arthritis commonly have decreased activity levels, will refuse to exercise, have difficulty rising after rest, experience difficulty going up or down stairs, will be reluctant to jump, or will exhibit limping or lameness. Some animals may have a change in behavior, becoming more irritable or protective of sore joints, and cats may have trouble using the litter box.

Treatment

Depending on the underlying cause, conservative treatment is available. Rehabilitation of the limb including swimming, massage, and passive range of motion exercises to build up muscles helps to decrease discomfort. Medication to decrease swelling and discomfort as well as supplements such as glucosamine are beneficial. Weight loss for overweight animals is very valuable. Treatment of the underlying cause helps to prevent arthritis from advancing. Special diets, like Science Diet’s J/D, or Iams Joint formula have shown to decrease need for medications in some animals.

Prevention

Keeping animals trim or at ideal weight can help prevent severity of the disease process. Avoid breeding animals that have conformation abnormalities to help prevent disease in younger animals.

Back to Top

 

ACL/CCL Tear , Cruciate Tear

Definitions

ACL: Anterior Cruciate Ligament

CCL: Cranial Cruciate Ligament (Often used interchangeably with ACL)

Ligament: Tissue connecting two bones within a joint

The ACL is a ligament connecting the femur (long bone between the hip and the knee) to the tibia (bone between knee and ankle). It helps to support the knee joint. A cruciate tear happens when an animal causes trauma to the joint (a twisting motion with the foot planted). Animals that have conformation abnormalities or are obese are at higher risk. There is some research indicating that the potential for an ACL tear could be hereditary.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Often animals that have a partial or complete tear of the ACL will be non weight bearing on a rear limb. Some animals may develop swelling around the joint. Depending on the severity of the disease process, some animals may show muscle wasting or atrophy.

Treatment

In large breed dogs, the treatment of choice is to stabilize the joint capsule with surgery. There are multiple forms of surgery available. Some small dogs do okay with more conservative treatment, but others may benefit from surgical stabilization. Rehabilitation of the limb including swimming, massage, and passive range of motion exercises to build up muscles. Medication to decrease swelling and discomfort as well as supplements such as glucosamine are beneficial. Before starting any supplements for your pet, please speak with one of our veterinarians.

Prevention

Keeping animals trim or at ideal weight can help prevent severity of the disease process, and avoid breeding animals with conformation abnormalities.

Back to Top

 

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is an abnormal formation of the hip joint, leading to degeneration or deterioration (excessive wear and tear) of the bones and cartilage. This is the start of arthritis. Hip dysplasia is common in large breed dogs, but can occur in smaller breeds as well as cats. Radiographs of the hip joints can help a doctor diagnose hip dysplasia. The doctor may recommend completing PENN Hip or OFA radiographs. Pets that have a genetic predisposition are at high risk for developing hip dysplasia, especially in dog breeds like St. Bernards, German Shepherd Dogs, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers, and cats that are purebred. Young pets that experience a rapid weight gain or have poor nutrition are also at risk for developing the disease.

Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Animals that have hip dysplasia can show a wide range of symptoms. Symptoms like reluctance to exercise, lameness after exercise, trouble rising after rest, and abnormal gait when walking or running (limp or “bunny hop”) are common in animals with hip dysplasia. Some animals will have muscle wasting or atrophy over the hips, thighs and knees.

Treatment

Some animals benefit from corrective surgery. Surgeries that can be completed may include one of following: 1) The removal of the head of the femur (the long bone connecting the hip to the knee) that creates the “ball and socket” joint (also known as excision arthroplasty). 2) Re-establishment of the femoral head and socket surfaces so the joint corresponds correctly (also known as Triple Pelvic Ostoetomy, typically completed in patients 6-12 months of age). 3) Fusion of the pubic symphysis to improve the relationship of the joint (also known as Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis, must be done between 3-4 months of age). 4) Total hip replacement. Rehabilitation of the limb can be completed which includes swimming, massage, and passive range of motion exercises to build up muscles. Medication to decrease swelling and discomfort as well as supplements such as glucosamine are valuable. Special diets, like Science Diet’s J/D, or Iam’s Joint formula have been shown to decrease need for medications in some animals. Before changing your pet’s diet or starting any supplements, please speak one of our veterinarians.

Prevention

Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition, so avoid breeding animals affected. Keep animals trim or at ideal weight to help prevent severity of the disease process (weight loss for overweight animals is very beneficial). Supplements like glucosamine and special diets (like Science Diet J/D or Iam’s joint formula) can be beneficial for health of your pet’s joints. Before changing your pet’s diet or starting any supplements, please speak one of our veterinarians. Contact us to have your pet evaluated.

Back to Top

 

Common Pet Toxins

There are several products, medications and foods that we, as humans, utilize or consume without thinking twice about a negative side effect. For dogs and cats, however, the same products that we use may have detrimental effects. If your pet should ingest any of the products mentioned below, or if there is a product not on this list you may be concerned about, call the clinic immediately during normal business hours. If the incident occurs while the clinic is closed, please call one of the local animal emergency centers. Please have as much information available as you can including the name of the product, the product label (if applicable), how much was consumed, and your pets current weight. Common toxins are listed alphabetically below:

Alcoholic Beverages

The culprit for toxicity in alcoholic beverages is ethanol, the product made from the fermentation of sugar. Ingestion by an animal can potentially result in vomiting, diarrhea, incoordination, difficulty breathing, tremors, abnormal body temperature, coma and even death.

Chocolate

Even though chocolate is a delicious treat for people, it can be very harmful to your pet. It contains theobromine and caffeine which if ingested by an animal can cause vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, increased urination, increased drinking, lethargy, increased heart rate, heart arrhythmias, seizures and death.

Ethylene Glycol (most commonly found in antifreeze)

Animals are attracted to this product because of its sweet taste. It is rapidly absorbed into the intestinal tract and can be very problematic, even in small amounts. For the average size cat a lethal dose can occur when only ½ a tablespoon of antifreeze is ingested, and for a 20lb dog 2 to 4 tablespoons of pure ethylene glycol can be fatal. Signs of toxicity can occur within 36 to 72 hours for dogs, and 12 to 24 hours for cat. Signs may include nausea, vomiting, trouble walking, depression, anorexia, increased water consumption, change in urination habits, seizures, coma or death. It is very difficult to treat successfully once signs begin, so it is important to start treatment as soon as you know your pet has ingested ethylene glycol.

Garlic and Onions

Eating these foods causes problems with an animal’s ability to transport oxygen in the red blood cells (called methemoglobinemia). Eating garlic may put your pet a risk for clotting problems which could result in internal bleeding. Animals can experience symptoms like pale gums, increased heart rate, faster breathing, weakness, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea.

Grapes and Raisins

The ingestion of grapes or raisins by a pet can cause kidney failure. Signs include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and changes in urination (increased amounts, decreased amounts, or lack of urine production).

Human Pain Relievers

Acetaminophen (found in Tylenol products or other over-the-counter pain relievers and cold medicines): Even though acetaminophen can be an effective pain reliever or fever reducer for humans, it has negative effects on animals. Ingesting acetaminophen causes decreased oxygen delivery in the red blood cells of cats and can have ill effects on the liver of dogs. Toxic signs include pale gums, difficulty breathing, depression, low body temperature, vomiting, weakness, coma and death. Note that some clinics may prescribe small doses of Tylenol to dogs so the level should not become toxic, but it should only be used under the direct supervision of a veterinarian.

Ibuprofen (found in medications like Advil or Motrin, or other human NSAIDs): These medications may be useful for pain relief and decreasing inflammation for humans, but when used in animals can have toxic side effects. If ibuprofen is ingested by a dog or a cat, ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract can occur which results in lethargy, abdominal pain, vomiting (possibly with blood), or bloody stool (that can appear red or black). Ibuprofen can also be detrimental for the liver and kidneys.

Household Plants

Poinsettias

Historically, it was thought that poinsettias were very toxic to animals, however with cross pollination and germination techniques the household plants have been modified and are now considered more of an irritant than a toxin. Household poinsettias can cause gastrointestinal upset (mainly vomiting and diarrhea), mouth irritation (burning sensation) and hyper salivation (drooling) when a pet eats the plant. Poinsettias that grow in the wild in tropical regions are found to be toxic.

There are many other plants that people enjoy growing in their home or around their yard, however if ingested by an animal may be detrimental to their health. If you pet chews on or ingests a plant, please call the clinic.

Rodenticide (mouse or rat poisons)

When poisons meant for rodents are placed in areas that are accessible to dogs and cats, ingestion by the wrong species can occur. The ingredients in the majority of rodenticides cause the production of vitamin K to be depleted, which in turn diminishes clotting factors throughout the body, thus called anticoagulative rodenticides. Bleeding from anywhere in the body, internally and externally, can occur. Signs that an anticoagulative rodenticide was ingested may include bruising on gums or abdomen (called petechia), lethargy, weakness, anorexia, vomiting, bloody stools (may appear red or black), blood in the urine, difficulty breathing, seizures or death. Since some rodents have developed a resistance to some anticoagulative rodenticides, a product that affects the central nervous system called bromethalin is used in some Tomcat products. Clinical signs of bromethalin ingestion may include vomiting, anorexia, low body temperature, behavioral changes (hyperexcitability, running fits, sensitivity to light/sound/touch), difficulty walking, hind limb paralysis, seizures and death.

Xylitol

Xylitol is used as an artificial sweetener in products like gum, mints, candies, baked goods and beverages. It is considered safe for humans, however consumption in dogs and cats can cause low blood sugar, liver damage, coma and death.

If you would like more information regarding common toxins for animals, please call the clinic or visit www.aspca.org/pet-care/poison-control/.

Back to Top

 

Surgical Procedures

The doctors at the Cedarburg Veterinary Clinic complete surgical procedures 5 days a week in our well-equipped operating suite complete with modern monitoring equipment. A physical exam is completed and blood work is evaluated prior to all surgeries to help determine your pet’s health status before anesthesia. To provide the best care possible, a certified veterinary technician closely monitors patients during surgery and keeps them comfortable during recovery. Surgical services offered range from routine procedures such as spays, neuters, laser declawing, dewclaw removal, and lump removals, to more involved procedures like C-Sections and ACL repair. For most surgeries, doctors can use the laser versus scalpel blade for incisions. In order to decrease the risk of passing infectious diseases, all hospitalized patients are required to have proper vaccinations (cats require FVRCP and Calici, and dogs require Distemper, Bordetella and Rabies vaccination). If your pet is not already on prevention year round, it is recommended your pet receives flea, tick and heartworm prevention at least one week prior to surgery in order to reduce the possibility of spreading parasites.

Dog Neuter

Neuter or castration is a surgical procedure in which both testicles are removed under general anesthesia with sterile operating technique. This surgery eliminates the sex drive and the ability to reproduce. It is also helpful in diminishing objectionable behavior such as roaming, aggression, and urine marking. In the older dog castration is often necessary due to diseases of the testicles or prostate, which can be prevented if the surgery is done at an early age.

The morning of your pet’s surgery, you and your pet will meet with the veterinarian performing surgery. At this appointment, your pet will receive a complete physical exam, and the veterinarian can answer any questions you may have. Following the exam, a blood screening is completed to help evaluate your pet’s health status before anesthesia.

The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The testicles are removed through a small incision made in front of the scrotum. Dogs that are neutered typically stay overnight at the clinic* to help limit their activity, then receive a physical exam the following morning. A veterinary technician will review postoperative care when you pick up your pet.

Post-operative Care

Care after surgery is very important for your pet’s health. For at least 7 days following surgery, keep your pets activity at a minimum with leash walking and/or crate rest only. Do not allow your pet to go swimming, do not bathe your pet, and do not allow your pet to lick at his incision. Pets that lick at their incision increase their risk of opening the incision and causing an infection, so an Elizabethan Collar (or cone collar) may need to be applied. Check the incision several times daily for any discharge, redness, bleeding or swelling, and call the clinic if any of these occur. If your pet seems depressed, lethargic, anorexic or ill in any way, call the clinic immediately. If you have any questions about your pet’s health or the surgery, please call.

Cat Neuter

Neuter, or castration, is a surgical procedure in which both testicles are removed under general anesthesia with sterile operating technique. When castration is performed before sexual maturity it reduces the sex instincts. This tends to eliminate fighting, night prowling and urine spraying, and decrease the odor of urine, which are common to the intact male cat. Castration of sexually mature cats is helpful in reducing these problems, but may not entirely eliminate established behavior patterns.

The morning your pet’s surgery is scheduled, you and your pet will meet with the veterinarian performing surgery. At this appointment, your pet will receive a complete physical exam, and the veterinarian can answer any questions you may have. Following the exam, a blood screening is completed to help further evaluate your pet’s health prior to anesthesia.

The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The testicles are removed through two small incisions made in the scrotum. Cats that are neutered usually stay overnight at the clinic* to help limit activity, then receive an exam the following morning. A veterinary technician will review postoperative care instructions when you pick up your pet.

Post-operative Care

Caring for your pet after surgery is a very important task. For at least 7 days following surgery, keep your pet indoors only and keep their activity limited. Do not allow your pet to lick at his incisions. Pets that lick at their incisions increase their risk of opening the incisions and causing an infection, so an Elizabethan Collar (or cone collar) may need to be applied. Check the incisions several times daily for any discharge, redness, bleeding or swelling, and call the clinic if any of these occur. If your pet seems depressed, lethargic, anorexic or ill in any way, call the clinic immediately. If you have any questions about your pet’s health or the surgery, please call.

Dog Spay

Ovariohysterectomy is the medical term for “spaying” the female animal. The surgical procedure consists of the complete removal of both ovaries and the uterus. This surgery eliminates “heat” periods, and prevents pregnancy, uterine infections, ovarian and uterine tumors, and decreases the chance of mammary (breast) tumors.

The morning your pet’s surgery is scheduled, you and your pet will meet with the veterinarian performing surgery. At this appointment, your pet will receive a complete physical exam, and the veterinarian can answer any questions you may have. Following the exam, a blood screening is completed to help further evaluate your pet’s health before anesthesia.

Although it is a commonly performed procedure, ovariohysterectomy of the dog is a major abdominal surgery involving a general anesthetic and sterile operating technique. Dogs that undergo a spay surgery stay overnight at the clinic* to help limit activity, and a physical exam is completed the morning following surgery. A veterinary technician will review postoperative care instructions with you when you pick up your pet.

Postoperative Care

Caring for your dog after her ovariohysterectomy is a very important job. For 10-14 days following surgery, it is imperative that your pet stays calm, meaning leash walking only, and no running, jumping, or playing. Your pet should not be allowed to go swimming, should not be bathed, and should not be allowed to lick at her incision. Pets that lick at their incision increase their risk of opening the incision and causing an infection, so an Elizabethan Collar (or cone collar) may need to be applied. Check the incision several times daily for any discharge, redness, bleeding, swelling or damage to the incision, and call the clinic if any of these occur. If your pet seems depressed, lethargic, anorexic or ill in any way, call the clinic immediately. Your pet’s incision will have sutures that need to be removed in 10-14 days; please make an appointment for this. If you have any questions about your pet’s health or the surgery, please call.

Cat Spay

Ovariohysterectomy is the medical term for “spaying” of the female animal. The surgical procedure consists of the complete removal of both ovaries and the uterus. This surgery eliminates “heat” periods, prevents pregnancy, uterine infections and reduces the chance of breast cancer. Ovariohysterectomy is a necessary procedure in the treatment of certain diseases such as uterine infections, ovarian and uterine tumors.

The morning your pet’s surgery is scheduled, you and your pet will meet with the veterinarian performing surgery. At this appointment, your pet will receive a complete physical exam, and the veterinarian can answer any questions you may have. Following the exam, a blood screening is completed to help further evaluate your pet’s health.

Although it is a commonly performed procedure, ovariohysterectomy of the cat is a major abdominal surgery involving a general anesthetic and sterile operating technique. Cats that undergo a spay surgery stay overnight at the clinic* to help limit activity, and a physical exam is completed the morning following surgery.

Postoperative Care

Caring for your cat after her ovariohysterectomy is a very important job. For 10-14 days following surgery, it is imperative that your pet stays calm, meaning no running, jumping, or playing, and she should stay indoors only. Your pet should not be bathed and should not be allowed to lick at her incision. Pets that lick at their incision increase their risk of opening the incision and causing an infection, so an Elizabethan Collar (or cone collar) may need to be applied. Check the incision several times daily for any discharge, redness, bleeding, swelling, or damage to the incision, and call the clinic if any of these occur. If your pet seems depressed, lethargic, anorexic or ill in any way, call the clinic immediately. If you have any questions about your pet’s health or the surgery, please call.

Declawing

Declawing or (onychectomy) is the surgical removal of the nail, nail bed and entire first bone on each toe. Declawing can be performed if cats are exhibiting destructive behavior, are causing injury to the owner or other humans, or if the nails have trauma or nail bed infection. This procedure is usually performed at the same time the cat is spayed or neutered which is normally around 6 months of age, however it can be done later in the cats life. It is typical for younger cats to handle the surgery better than older felines. Complications with declaw surgeries include bleeding after surgery, persistent lameness, claw re-growth (if the bone is not completely removed), and longer healing time in older patients and/or heavier patients.

The morning your pet’s surgery is scheduled, you and your pet will meet with the veterinarian performing surgery. At this appointment, your pet will receive a complete physical exam, and the veterinarian can answer any questions you may have. Following the exam, a blood screening is completed to further evaluate your pet’s health. Declawing is performed under general anesthesia using a surgical laser which decreases bleeding and pain. Patients are hospitalized for 2 nights* in order to reduce activity which aids in the healing process, and also allows doctors and technicians to monitor for licking and signs of infection. A veterinary technician will review postoperative care instructions with you when you pick up your pet.

Postoperative Care

Following the home care instructions provided to you after surgery is imperative for your cat’s recovery. For 10-14 days following surgery, your pet should not be allowed to jump from any surfaces, participate in play activity, receive a bath, venture outdoors, or lick/chew at the paws. Pets that lick or chew at their incisions increase their risk of opening the incisions and causing an infection, so an Elizabethan Collar (or cone collar) may need to be applied. Special litter (Yesterday’s News) should be used for the first week following surgery, since regular litter is too dusty and may cause infection by getting caught in the incisions. Check the incisions daily for any discharge, redness, bleeding, swelling, or damage to the incisions, and call the clinic if these occur. If your pet seems depressed, lethargic, anorexic or ill in any way, call the clinic immediately. If you have any questions about your pet’s health or the surgery, please call.

*Staff is not present at the clinic after normal business hours. 24 hours supervision is available at emergency or referral centers. A signed release form is required if you choose to decline overnight stay. Please speak with your pet’s veterinarian if you have questions regarding clinic policy.

Back to Top

 

Traveling With Pets

Taking your pet with you on vacation or even just on short trips can be a great experience. Some pets, however, don’t enjoy traveling so make sure to plan your trip with your pet in mind!

Any questions or concerns can also be discussed with one of our veterinarians or veterinary technicians.

Back to Top

 

Disaster Preparedness

In a 2006 survey performed by the American Kennel Club® (AKC) 62% of pet owners would not follow mandatory evacuation orders if they could not bring their pets along.

Are you prepared for a disaster?

Create a Disaster Kit

For all Pets:

Special Considerations:

Cats Dogs Birds Reptiles Pocket pets (gerbils, rabbits etc.)
Carrier Leash, tie out post Cage or carrier Hot water bottle, heating pad Secure Carrier
Litter Toys Cage liners Sturdy bowl (for soaking in) Bedding supply for 3-7 days
Litter box Blankets Water spray bottle in warm weather Essential supplements Salt lick/ essential supplements

Make sure your Disaster Kit is in an easy to access area!

 

Plan Ahead

Refer to the following page for phone numbers and addresses of area hotels where you can stay with your pet during an emergency. Many human disaster shelters cannot take animals because of safety regulations. Develop a “buddy system” by calling relatives or friends out of the area to see if your pet could be housed there.

Practice Makes Perfect

Before a disaster happens to your family, practice what will need to be done in an emergency situation. Where will you meet? What phone numbers can you use to reach family members?

Also something to consider is that not all disasters are wide spread. What would your family have to do if your house caught fire? The more planning ahead and practicing you do, the better off you are during an emergency.

For more information visit www.ready.gov, www.aspca.org/disaster.